NAD+ is an acronym for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, an endogenous nucleotide that is considered to regulate primary functions such as metabolism, energy production, and DNA repair. It is also considered to act as a secondary messenger via calcium-dependent signaling mechanisms, possibly serving as an immunoregulatory component.
NAD+ is considered by researchers to be naturally synthesized via the de novo mechanism of converting the amino acid tryptophan through several enzymatic steps. Researchers posit that there are five components to NAD+ synthesis, including tryptophan, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside, and nicotinamide mononucleotide. Once synthesized, research suggests it exerts over 500 enzymatic reactions and cellular processes to aid metabolic activities, acting as a coenzyme in redox functions.
Researchers have suggested NAD+ to act as a coenzyme with three major classes of enzymes: deacetylase enzymes in the sirtuin class (SIRTs), poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, and cyclic ADP ribose synthetase (cADPRS). SIRTs may stimulate mitochondrial homeostasis and stem cell regeneration; PARPs may act alongside NAD+ to synthesize poly ADP ribose polymers for genome stability; and cADPRS include CD38 and CD157, which are key immunological cells that hydrolyze NAD+ and may stimulate stem cell regeneration and DNA repair.
Maintaining a balance between the availability and consumption of NAD+ may be critical to obtaining optimal potential impact, as the three enzyme classes are posited to compete amongst themselves for bioavailability.
Purity Level≥98% (HPLC)
Molecular Weight663.43 g/mol
Molecular FormulaC21H27N7O14P2
SequenceN/A (dinucleotide coenzyme)
